Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana(PMGSY):
ü Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana
(PMGSY) was launched on 25th December 2000.
ü It is a nationwide plan in India
to provide good all-weather road connectivity to unconnected villages
of more than 500 persons in the rural areas (250 persons in the hilly and
desert areas).
ü It is a 100% Centrally
Sponsored Scheme.
ü Allocations under Pradhan Mantri Gram
Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) increased by 59 per to Rs.12,000 crore in the
Union Budget 2009-10.
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen
Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY):
ü It was launched on 4th April
2005 for attaining the National Common Minimum Programme (NCMP) goal of
providing access to electricity to all households in the country in
five years by merging “Accelerated Electrification of one lakh Villages
and one crore Households” and the “Minimum Needs Programme (MNP)”.
ü Under the programme, 90% grant is
provided by Govt. of India and 10% as loan by Rural Electrification Corporation
(REC) to the State Governments.
ü Rural Electrification
Corporation (REC) is the nodal agency for the programme.
ü The scheme aims at electrification of
over 1 lakh un-electrified villages and providing electricity
connections to 2.34 crore rural households. The estimated cost of the
scheme is approximately Rs. 51,000 crore.
ü All the BPL families are eligible for
free connections under the scheme.
ü Allocation under Rajiv Gandhi Grameen
Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) increased by 27% to Rs.7000cr in the
Union Budget 2009-10.
Indira Awaas
Yojana(IAY):
ü Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) was launched
during 1985-86 as a sub-scheme of Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme
(RLEGP) and continued as a sub-scheme of Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) since its
launching from April, 1989.
ü It has been delinked from the JRY and
has been made an independent scheme with effect from January 1, 1996.
ü The objective of IAY is primarily to
provide grant for construction of houses to members of Scheduled
Castes/Scheduled Tribes, freed bonded labourers and also to non-SC/ST rural
people living below poverty line.
ü Funding of IAY is shared between the
Centre & State in the ratio of 75:25.
ü The financial assistance provided for
new construction under IAY is Rs.35,000/- per unit for the plain areas &
Rs.38,500/- for the hilly/difficult areas.
ü Allocation under Indira Awaas Yojana
(IAY) increased by 63% to 8,800 cr in the Union Budget 2009-10.
Bharat Nirman:
ü Bharat Nirman, a programme
to build rural infrastructure, was launched by the Government of India in
2005.
ü Phase I of the programme was
implemented in the period 2005-06 to 2008-09. Phase II is being implemented
from 2009-10 to 2011-12.
ü Bharat Nirman comprises
of six components:
i)Irrigation
ii)Rural Roads
iii)Rural Housing
iv)Rural Drinking Water Supply
v)Rural Electrification
vi)Telephone Connectivity.
ü Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana(PMGSY)
for Rural Roads , Rajiv Gandhi Vidyutikaran Yojana(RGVY) for Rural
Electrification & Indira Awas Yojana(IWY) for Rural Housing come under
Bharat Nirman.
ü Bharat Nirman programme of six schemes
for the development of rural infrastructure is being stepped up by 45% in Union
Budget 2009-10.
Pradhan Mantri Adarsh
Gram Yojana(PMAGY):
ü It is a new scheme launched
in the Union Budget 2009-10 by the Union Government on a pilot basis
for integrated development 0f 1,000 villages, each having more
than 50% SC population.
ü There are about 44,000 villages in
which the population of scheduled castes is above 50 per cent.
ü If the pilot scheme is successful the
scheme will be expanded to remaining villages.
ü An amount of Rs.100 crore has
been allocated for this Scheme in the Union Budget 2009-10.
National Rural Health
Mission (NRHM):
ü The National Rural Health Mission
(NRHM), launched in 2006 as the central government flagship project that would
dramatically change the healthcare system in rural India.
ü The objective of National Rural Health
Mission (NRHM) is to provide accessible, affordable, accountable, effective and
reliable health care, especially to the poor and the vulnerable sections of the
population in rural areas.
ü The NRHM covers the entire country,
with special focus on 18 States where the challenge of strengthening poor
public health systems and thereby improving key health indicators is the
greatest.
ü Allocation under National Rural Health
Mission (NRHM) increased by Rs.2,057 crore amounting to 14,064
crore in the Union Budget 2009-10.
Accredited Social Health
Activist (ASHA):
ü One of the key components of the
National Rural Health Mission is to provide every village in the country with
a trained female community health activist – ‘ASHA’ or
Accredited Social Health Activist for every village with a population of 1000.
ü ASHA will take steps to create
awareness and she will counsel women on birth preparedness,
importance of safe delivery, breastfeeding and complementary feeding,
immunization, contraception and prevention of common infections including
Reproductive Tract infection/Sexually Transmitted Infection (RTIs/STIs) and
care of the young child.
ü The ASHA will be trained to work as an
interface between the community and the public health system.
ü ASHA must primarily be a woman resident
of the village – married/ widowed/ divorced, preferably in the age group of 25
to 45 years.
National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act(NREGA):
ü The National Rural Employment Guarantee
Act or NREGA is an Indian job guarantee scheme,
enacted by legislation on August 25, 2005.
ü This act was introduced with an aim of
improving the purchasing power of the rural people, primarily semi or
un-skilled work to people living in rural India, whether or not they are below
the poverty line.
ü The scheme provides a legal guarantee
for one hundred days of employment in every financial year to adult
members of any rural household willing to do public work-related unskilled
manual work at the statutory minimum wage of Rs.100 per day.
ü The NREGA achieves twin objectives of
rural development and employment.
ü Around one-third of the
stipulated work force must be women.
ü The scheme started from February 2,
2006 in 200 districts, was expanded to cover another 130 districts in 2007-2008
and eventually covered all 593 districts in India in 2008.
ü It has been renamed as Mahatma Gandhi
Rural Employment Guarantee Act on 2nd October, 2009.
ü Allocation under NREGS increased by
144% to 39,100 cr in the Union Budget 2009-10.
Sarva Siksha Abhiyan(SSA):
ü The scheme of SSA was
launched in 2001.
ü It is a flagship programme of
the Government of India pioneered by Atal Bihari
Vajpayee for achievement of universalization of elementary
education in a time bound manner.
ü The Abhiyan is to provide useful and
relevant elementary education for children in the 6-14 age group by 2010.
ü The assistance under the programme of
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was on a 85:15 sharing arrangement during the Ninth Plan,
75:25 sharing arrangement during the Tenth Plan, and 50:50 sharing thereafter
between the Central Government and the State Government except for 8 NE states.
ü The programme covers the entire country
with special focus on educational needs of girls, SCs/STs and other
children in difficult circumstances.
ü The programme seeks to open new schools
in those places which do not have schooling facilities and strengthen existing
school infrastructure through provision of additional class rooms, toilets,
drinking water, maintenance grant and school improvement grant.
Rashtriya Madhyamik
Shiksha Abhiyan(RMSA):
ü Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan
(RMSA) which is the most recent initiative of Government of India to achieve
the goal of universalisation of secondary education (USE) - classes
VIII to X.
ü The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyaan program set
up by the government to bring elementary education to millions of
children has been successful to a large extent, and has thus created a need for
strengthening secondary education infrastructure across the country.
ü In Jan 2009 CCEA (Cabinet Committee on
Economic Affairs) approved the implementation.
ü It is announced in 2007 and it is
proposed to implement during 11th Five Year plan
ü Rs.20,120 crore has been allocated for
the Scheme during the 11th Five Year Plan.
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